otto i, holy roman emperor

He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda.. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. Otto, therefore, marched for a third time to Italy, where he stayed from 966 to 972. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The only German king of the Welf dynasty, he incurred the wrath of Pope Innocent III and was excommunicated in 1210. Even Mieszko of Poland paid tribute to the German king. (2020, August 28). "Holy Roman Emperor Otto I." Otto I, byname Otto the Great, German Otto der Grosse, (born Nov. 23, 912—died May 7, 973, Memleben, Thuringia), duke of Saxony (as Otto II, 936–961), German king (from 936), and Holy Roman emperor (962–973) who consolidated the German Reich by his suppression of rebellious vassals and his decisive victory over the Hungarians. He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. The Ottonian Dynasty was a ruling dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, reigning from 919 to 1024 AD. Otto's policy of mercy worked; from then on, Henry was loyal to his brother, and in 947 he received the dukedom of Bavaria. He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda.. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. Thankmar was killed, Eberhard of Bavaria was deposed, and Eberhard of Franconia submitted to the king. Empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Otto II, and regent of the Holy Roman Empire during the minority of her son from 983 until her death in 990. He was twenty-three years old. Despite these internal difficulties, Otto found time to strengthen and to extend the frontiers of the kingdom. Otto (Ottonian) Holy Roman Empire is the name on the profile, Otto (Otto I) "the Great, Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches (Liudolfinger), Liudolfinger, of Sachsen Italy and Germany" Holy Roman Empire formerly Ottonian is what the WikiTree way of naming makes of it. Otto I was the Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. Richard Cavendish | Published in History Today Volume 62 Issue 2 February 2012 Nostalgia for the vanished Roman Empire in the West lasted for centuries after Romulus Augustulus, the final emperor, was deposed in 476. Yet Henry, who felt he should be king himself in spite of his father's wishes, conspired to murder Otto in 941. Omissions? Otto had to break off his first Italian campaign because of a revolt in Germany, where Liudolf, his son by Edith, had risen against him with the aid of several magnates. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor … Professor of History, University of Regensburg, Germany. In the east the margraves Gero and Hermann Billung were successful against the Slavs, and their gains were consolidated by the founding of the Monastery of St. Maurice in Magdeburg, in 937, and of two bishoprics, in 948. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Holy Roman Emperor. Otto I, traditionally known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. Henry submitted to the king, and Otto forgave him. He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. With a strong home base, Otto not only fended off France's claims to Lotharingia but ended up mediating in some French internal difficulties. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. This time Eberhard was killed in battle and Giselbert drowned while fleeing. OTTO, son of HEINRICH I "der Vogelsteller/the Fowler" King of Germany & his second wife Mathilde --- (23 Nov 912-Memleben 7 May 973, bur Magdeburg Cathedral). He died in May of 973 and was buried next to Edith in Magdeburg. In the north, three bishoprics (followed in 968 by a fourth) were founded to extend the Christian mission in Denmark. Otto I (November 23, 912 - May 7, 973), also known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973. Still, fighting continued until Liudolf at last submitted to his father in 955. The oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda, Otto was "the first … Otto IV (1175 – 19 May 1218) was one of two rival kings of Germany from 1198 on, sole king from 1208 on, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 until he was forced to abdicate in 1215. Otto was again victorious: Eberhard fell in battle, Giselbert was drowned in flight, and Henry submitted to his brother. Little is known of his early years, but he probably shared in some of his father’s campaigns. Otto was the son of Henry the Fowler and his second wife, Matilda. ThoughtCo. found: Enc. Otto’s first campaign in Bohemia was, however, a failure, and it was not until 950 that the Bohemian prince Boleslav I was forced to submit and to pay tribute. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Similarly, he extended his influence into Burgundy. Finally, in 961, the ancient idea of an universal empire now possessed Otto’s mind and he invaded Italy and after conquering Rome, Otto was crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by (Otho I, called the Great, Emperor … from InU] found : BM cat. Otto was born on November 23, 912 as the oldest son of Henry the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim. : Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Otto-I, History Today - Otto the Great is crowned Emperor of the Romans, Otto I - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). He is often regarded as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire, The younger man saw some success, and Otto had to withdraw to Saxony; but in 954 the invasion of the Magyars set off problems for the rebels, who could now be accused of conspiring with enemies of Germany. Otto installed Leo VIII as the next pope, and when Leo died in 965, he replaced him with John XIII. Otto had some trouble with Bohemia, but Prince Boleslav I was forced to submit in 950 and paid tribute. After inheriting the kingdom after his father’s death in 936, he began uniting the German tribes into a single kingdom. Media in category "Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor" The following 69 files are in this category, out of 69 total. We were all royalty because we came from the bloodline of Jacob, but since we sinned against The Most High, he cursed us. Edith of England and Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor- Married in 929 A.D. This time he stayed several years, dealing with the unrest in Rome and heading south into Byzantine-controlled portions of the peninsula. otto i (912-973), holy roman emperor, published in 1876 - otto i holy roman emperor stock illustrations otto i "the great", 23.11.912 - 7.5.973, holy roman emperor 2.2.962 - 7.5.973, in front of jesus christ, with wife adelheid & son otto ii, engraving after ivory carving, king of germans 936 - 973, middle ages, 10th century, ottonian - otto i holy roman emperor stock illustrations Biography of Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, Charlemagne: King of the Franks and Lombards, German Peasants War (1524 – 1525): Uprising of the Poor, Biography of King Richard I, the Lionheart, of England, Crusader, Medieval Queens, Empresses, and Women Rulers, Emma of Normandy: Twice Queen Consort of England, Eleanor of Aquitaine's Children and Grandchildren, Biography of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, B.A., History, University of Texas at Austin. Moreover, when the Burgundian princess Adelaide, the widowed queen of Italy whom the margrave Berengar of Ivrea had taken prisoner, appealed to him for help, Otto marched into Italy in 951, assumed the title of king of the Lombards, and married Adelaide himself, his first wife having died in 946. On February 2, 962, John crowned Otto emperor, and 11 days later the treaty known as Privilegium Ottonianum was concluded. Francis II (German: Franz II. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Otto found himself compelled to withdraw to Saxony; but the position of the rebels began to deteriorate when the Magyars invaded Germany in 954, for the rebels could now be accused of complicity with the enemies of the Reich. The treaty regulated relations between pope and emperor, although whether or not the rule allowing emperors to ratify papal elections was part of the original version remains a matter for debate. Desc: Otto I, traditionally known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973.He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. His use of the church as a stabilizing influence created a secure empire and stimulated a cultural renaissance. Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto I the Great (German: Otto I. der Große), was German king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973. This confirmed and extended the temporal power of the papacy, but it is a matter of controversy whether the proviso enabling the emperor to ratify papal elections was included in the original version of the treaty or added in December 963, when Otto deposed John XII for treating with Berengar and set up Leo VIII as pope. Otto's concerns in Burgundy led to a change in his domestic status. In May of 961, Otto was able to arrange for his six-year-old son, Otto (the first son born to Adelaide), to be elected and crowned King of Germany. Not long afterwards Otto returned to Germany, where he held a great assembly at the court in Quedlinburg. The young king was bent on asserting the kind of firm control over the dukes that his father had never managed, but this policy led to immediate conflict. He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. Updates? While Henry I had controlled his vassal dukes only with difficulty, the new king firmly asserted his suzerainty over them. Otto I, traditionally known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. This is why we are at … After prolonged fighting, Liudolf had to submit in 955. He then returned to Italy to help Pope John XII stand against Berengar of Ivrea. ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor from 1792 to 1806 and, as Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria from 1804 to 1835. In 939, however, Otto’s younger brother Henry revolted; he was joined by Eberhard of Franconia and by Giselbert of Lotharingia and supported by the French king Louis IV. ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/otto-i-profile-1789230. The rest of the German dukedoms also went to Otto's relatives. In the same year Otto and the margrave Gero also won a victory over the Slavs. Edith bore him a son and a daughter. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Ger Nevertheless, in 941 Henry joined a conspiracy to murder the King. The latter Eberhard's submission appeared to be only a facade, for in 939 he joined with Giselbert of Lotharingia and Otto's younger brother, Henry, in a revolt against Otto that was supported by Louis IV of France. The archbishopric of Magdeburg was founded in 968 with three suffragan bishoprics. She authored the forward for "The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Crusades.". Meanwhile, back in Germany, Otto's son by Edith, Liudolf, joined together with several German magnates to revolt against the king. In May of 961, Otto was able to arrange for his six-year-old son, Otto (the first son born to Adelaide), to be elected and crowned King of Germany. Now Otto was able to deal the Magyars a crushing blow at the Battle of the Lechfeld, and they never invaded Germany again. His reign is generally considered to be the true beginning of the Holy Roman Empire. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. He assumed the title of Emperor of Austria in response to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French.Soon after Napoleon created the Confederation of the Rhine, Francis abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor. Arriving in Rome on Feb. 2, 962, Otto was crowned emperor, and 11 days later a treaty, known as the Privilegium Ottonianum, was concluded, to regulate relations between emperor and pope. Otto III was a member of the Ottonian dynasty of kings and emperors who ruled the Holy Roman Empire (previously Germany) from 919 to 1024. Otto I was crowned Emperor of the Romans by Pope John XII on February 2nd 962. He was elected king Aug. 7, 936 and crowned emperor Feb. 2, 962. Scholars know little of his childhood, but it is believed he engaged in some of Henry's campaigns by the time he reached his late teens. Otto the Emperor . He was the eldest son of Henry I the Fowler. Otto I, byname Otto the Great, German Otto der Grosse, (born Nov. 23, 912—died May 7, 973, Memleben, Thuringia), duke of Saxony (as Otto II, 936–961), German king (from 936), and Holy Roman emperor (962–973) who consolidated the German Reich by his suppression of rebellious vassals and his decisive victory over the Hungarians. The dynasty's name came from the fact that it had three consecutive emperors named Otto; other names of the dynasty include "the Saxon dynasty" and the Liudolfings. When Otto I became emperor, he renewed the traditions of the Carolingian empire that had been eroding for decades before Arnulf's death. In 952 Berengar did homage to him as his vassal for the kingdom of Italy. Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto I the Great (German: Otto I. der Große), was German king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973. A further series of campaigns led, by 960, to the subjection of the Slavs between the middle Elbe and the middle Oder. He subdued Rome and even advanced into the Byzantine south of Italy. In 967, on Christmas Day, he had his son crowned co-emperor with him. New!! While all this internal strife was going on, Otto still managed to strengthen his defenses and expand the boundaries of his kingdom. Snell, Melissa. … Corrections? It may have been added in December, 963, when Otto deposed John for instigating an armed conspiracy with Berengar, as well as for what amounted to conduct unbecoming a pope. Otto the Great, 912–73, Holy Roman emperor (962–73) and German king (936–73), son and successor of Henry I of Germany. Otto was born on 23 November 912, the oldest son of the Duke of Saxony, Otto was the son of the future king Henry I, of the Liudolfing, or Saxon, dynasty, and his second wife, Matilda. The other German dukedoms were likewise bestowed on relatives of Otto. Having returned to Germany, the Emperor held a great assembly of his court at Quedlinburg on March 23, 973. Otto was crowned by the archbishops of Mainz and Cologne at Aachen, the city that had been Charlemagne's favorite residence. Eberhard of Franconia, Eberhard of Bavaria, and a faction of disgruntled Saxons under the leadership of Thankmar, Otto's half-brother, began an offensive in 937 that Otto swiftly crushed. When Leo VIII died in 965, the Emperor chose John XIII for pope, but John was expelled by the Romans. He died in Memleben several weeks later and was buried in Magdeburg at the side of his first wife. Otto continued to see success in military matters, particularly against the Slavs. The plot was discovered and all the conspirators were punished except Henry, who was again forgiven. Otto the Great (Nov. 23, 912—May 7, 973), also known as Duke Otto II of Saxony, was known for consolidating the German Reich and making significant advances for secular influence in papal politics. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor - Wi English: Otto I. the Great (912–973) was king of Germany (936–973) and Holy Roman Emperor (962–973). Blacks once ruled all of Europe. He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. The Slavs were defeated in the east, and part of Denmark came under Otto's control; the German suzerainty over these areas was solidified by the founding of bishoprics. Snell, Melissa. Snell, Melissa. Melissa Snell is a historical researcher and writer specializing in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Amer., 1980 (Otto I, 912-973; first Ottonian emperor of what was later known as the Holy Roman Empire) [info. Thenceforward he remained faithful to his brother and, in 947, was given the dukedom of Bavaria. He marched into Italy, took up the title King of the Lombards, and married Adelaide himself. Nominated by Henry as his successor, Otto was elected king by the German dukes at Aachen on Aug. 7, 936, a month after Henry’s death, and crowned by the archbishops of Mainz and Cologne. Henry named Otto his successor, and a month after Henry's death, in August of 936, the German dukes elected Otto king. This led immediately to war, especially with Eberhard of Franconia and his namesake, Eberhard of Bavaria, who were joined by discontented Saxon nobles under the leadership of Otto’s half-brother Thankmar. He married Edith, daughter of the English king Edward the Elder, in 930; she obtained as her dowry the flourishing town of Magdeburg. See more » Adelaide of Italy. https://www.thoughtco.com/otto-i-profile-1789230 (accessed May 2, 2021). Thankmar was defeated and killed, the Franconian Eberhard submitted to the King, and Eberhard of Bavaria was deposed and outlawed. Adelaide of Italy (93116 December 999 AD) (Adelheid von Burgund; Adelaide di Borgogna), also called Adelaide of Burgundy, was a Holy Roman Empress by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Otto the GreatCampbell, Thomas. Widukind names (in order) "Oddonem, Heinricum, Brunonem" as sons of King Heinrich & his second wife. Berengar was captured and taken to Germany, and in 964 a revolt of the Romans against Leo VIII was suppressed. John was not well-received by the populace, who had another candidate in mind, and a revolt ensued; so Otto returned to Italy once more. In relation to the other members of his dynasty, Otto III was the great-grandson of Henry the Fowler, grandson of Otto I, son of Otto II, and a second-cousin to Henry II. Burgundy (see Arles, kingdom ofArles, kingdom of, … Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. Berengar did homage to him as his vassal dukes only with difficulty, the Emperor chose John XIII Pope. Quedlinburg on March 23, 973 with three suffragan bishoprics side of his kingdom the same Otto! In Quedlinburg sons of king Heinrich & his second wife May 2, 2021 ) difficulty, Franconian. Cologne at Aachen, the Emperor held a great assembly at the battle of the as... 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